The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union

About “The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union”

Federalist No. 19 is an essay written by James Madison, the nineteenth in the series of The Federalist Papers. It was published on December 8, 1787, in The Independent Journal under the pseudonym Publius. The essay discusses the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation in governing the United States. It is part of a group of six essays that examine this issue. The title is "The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union." Madison compares the United States to the Germanic body, a loose union of sovereigns, and to Poland and Switzerland, which he views as examples of weak or ineffective governance. (Summary adapted from Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.)